SELECTED STATE BALLOT MEASURES OVERVIEW AND RESULTS
Initiatives, referenda, amendments, and propositions are on the ballot throughout the year in multiple states.
| State | Date | Issue(s) | Title | Summary | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 3/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Amendment 1 | This amendment would remove the requirement of a 3/5ths vote of the Legislature to pass a resolution, local legislation, or a local constitutional amendment. | Failed |
| California | 3/5/2024 | Mental Health | Proposition 1 | This measure would permit the state to sell $6.4 billion in new bonds to build mental health care and drug or alcohol treatment centers. It would give $2 billion to the state program that gives money to local governments to turn hotels, motels, and other buildings into housing and construct new housing. | Passed |
| Wisconsin | 4/2/2024 | Elections | Question 1 | This amendment would prohibit any level of government in the state from applying or accepting non-governmental funds or equipment for election administration. | Passed |
| Wisconsin | 4/2/2024 | Elections | Question 2 | This amendment prohibits any individual other than an election official designated by law from performing any task in the conduct of any primary, election, or referendum. | Passed |
| North Dakota | 6/11/2024 | Elections | Congressional Age Limits | This amendment would prevent an individual from being elected or appointed to serve in the United States Senate or United States House of Representatives if the individual would become 81 years old by December 31 of the year preceding the end of their term. | |
| Wisconsin | 8/13/2024 | Government Procedure | State Funds | Delegation of Appropriation Power | This amendment would prohibit the legislature from delegating its power to appropriate money. | |
| Wisconsin | 8/13/2024 | Government Procedure | State Funds | Allocation of Federal Moneys | This amendment would require legislative approval via a joint resolution before the governor can expend federal money appropriated to the state. | |
| Alaska | 11/5/2024 | Minimum Wage | Minimum Labor Standards Initative | This measure would increase the minimum wage to $15 per hour by July 1, 2027; provide the ability to accrue up to 56 hours of paid sick leave per year if an employer has 15 employees or more; provide the ability to accrue up to 40 hours of paid sick leave if an employers has under 15 employees; and prohibit employers taking adverse action against employees who refuse to attend employer-sponsored meetings regarding religious or political matters. | |
| Alaska | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Alaskans for Honest Elections | This measure would eliminate the open top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting general elections in Alaska, and establish a party primary system. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | State Funds | Criminal Conviction Fee for First Responder Death Financial Benefit Amendment | This measure would establish a $20 fee on every conviction for a criminal offense, which would go to pay a benefit of $250,000 to the family of a first responder who is killed in the line of duty. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | Executive Branch Power | Emergency Declarations Amendment | This amendment provides for the legislature to terminate a state of emergency or alter the emergency powers of the governor during the state of emergency, and provide for any emergency powers granted to the governor to automatically terminate 30 days after the state of emergency is proclaimed, unless the state legislature extends the emergency powers granted to the governor, and except in cases for a state of war emergency or an emergency arising from a flood or a fire. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Require Partisan Primaries Amendment | This amendment would require partisan primary elections for partisan offices. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Signature Distribution Requirement for Initiatives Amendment | This amendment would create a signature distribution requirement for citizen-initiated ballot measures based on state legislative districts. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | Criminal Law | Life Imprisonment for Sex Trafficking of a Child Measure | This measure would guarantee a sentence of life imprisonment without parole if an individual is found guilty of sex trafficking of a child. | |
| Arizona | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Property Tax Refund for Non-Enforcement of Public Nuisance Laws Measure | This measure would allow property owners to apply for a property tax refund if the city or locality in which the property is located does not enforce laws or ordinances regarding illegal camping, loitering, obstructing public thoroughfares, panhandling, public urination or defecation, public consumption of alcoholic beverages, and possession or use of illegal substances. | |
| Arkansas | 11/5/2024 | Education | State Funds | Lottery Proceed Funding for Vocational-Technical School Scholarships and Grants Amendment | This amendment would allow proceeds from the state lottery to fund scholarships and grants for vocational-technical schools and technical institutes. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Minimum Wage | $18 Minimum Wage Initiative | This amendment would increase minimum wage to $18 an hour. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Civil Penalties | Employee Civil Action Law and PAGA Repeal Initiative | This amendment would repeal the Private Attorneys General Act, which authorizes aggrieved employees to file lawsuits to recover civil penalties on behalf of themselves, other employees, and the State of California for Labor Code violations. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Housing | Lower Supermajority Requirement to 55% for Local Special Taxes to Fund Housing and Public Infrastructure Amendment | This amendment would lower the vote threshold from 66.67% to 55% for local special taxes and bond measures to fund housing projects and public infrastructure. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Environment | Oil and Gas Well Regulations Referendum | This measure would repeal Senate Bill 1137, which prohibits new oil and gas wells within health protection zones. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Public Health | Pandemic Early Detection and Prevention Institute Initiative | This amendment would increase the income tax by 0.75% for 10 years and create the California Pandemic Early Detection and Prevention Institute. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Housing | Prohibit State Limitations on Local Rent Control Initiative | This measure would repeal the Costa Hawkins Rental Housing Act, which prohibits rent control on single family homes, on condominiums, and on newly built rental units. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Housing | Remove Voter Approval Requirement for Public Low-Rent Housing Projects Amendment | This amendment would repeal constitutional requirement that voters approve publicly-funded housing projects at certain rent levels. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Same Sex Marriage | Right to Marry and Repeal Proposition 8 Amendment | This measure would repeal Proposition 8 and establish a right to marry. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Two-Thirds Legislative Vote and Voter Approval for New or Increased Taxes Initiative | This amendment would require new state taxes to be enacted via a 2/3rds legislative vote and voter approval; and would require new local taxes to be enacted via a 2/3rds vote of the local electorate. | |
| California | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Vote Requirements for Initiatives Requiring Supermajority Votes Amendment | This amendment would require initiatives that change vote thresholds to supermajority votes to pass by that same vote requirement that is being proposed within the initiative. | |
| Colorado | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Voter Approval to Retain Property Tax Revenue Initiative | This measure would require statewide voter approval for the state to retain property tax revenue exceeding 4% growth from the previous year; provides for ballot language. | |
| Colorado | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Veterans | Property Tax Exemption for Veterans with Individual Unemployability Status Amendment | This amendment would expand the property tax exemption for veterans with a disability to veterans with individual unemployability status. | |
| Colorado | 11/5/2024 | State Judiciary | Independent Judicial Discipline Adjudicative Board Amendment | This amendment would create an independent judicial discipline adjudicative board and create rules for the judicial discipline process. | |
| Colorado | 11/5/2024 | Criminal Law | Remove Right to Bail in First Degree Murder Cases Amendment | This amendment would remove the right to bail in cases of first-degree murder when the proof is evident or the presumption is great. | |
| Connecticut | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment | This amendment would authorize the state legislature to provide by law for no-excuse absentee voting. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Education | Amendment 1 | This amendment would change school board elections from nonpartisan to partisan beginning in the November 2026 general election and for primary elections nominating party candidates for the 2026 election. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Recreation | Amendment 2 | This amendment establishes a state constitutional right to hunt and fish. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Marijuana | Amendment 3 | This amendment would legalize marijuana for adults 21 years old and older. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Reproductive Health | Amendment 4 | This amendment would provide a constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability, which is estimated to be around 24 weeks, or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's healthcare provider. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Annual Adjustment to Homestead Exemption Value Amendment | This amendment would create an annual inflation adjustment to the amount of assessed value that is exempt from property taxation for homestead property. | |
| Florida | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Repeal of Public Financing for Statewide Campaigns Amendment | This amendment would repeal the state constitutional provision that provides for public financing of campaigns for those running for elective statewide office who agree to campaign spending limits. | |
| Georgia | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | State Funds | Appropriations of Federal Legal Settlement Funds Amendment | This amendment would require the state legislature to appropriate funds derived from legal judgments awarded to the state in excess of $75 million. | |
| Georgia | 11/5/2024 | State Judiciary | Creation of Tax Court Amendment | This amendment would create the Georgia Tax Court with statewide jurisdiction. The court would have concurrent jurisdiction with the state business court and superior courts in equity cases. | |
| Georgia | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Local Option Homestead Property Tax Exemption Amendment | This amendment would provide a local option homestead property tax exemption and allow a county, municipality, or school system to opt out of the exemption. | |
| Georgia | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Personal Property Tax Exemption Increase Measure | This measure would increase the personal property tax exemption from $7,500 to $20,000. | |
| Georgia | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Statewide Homestead Property Tax Exemption Increase Measure | This measure would increase the statewide homestead property tax exemption from $2,000 to $10,000. | |
| Idaho | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment | This amendment would stipulate that only a citizen of the United States can vote in the state. | |
| Indiana | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Remove Superintendent of Public Instruction from Gubernatorial Line of Succession Amendment | This amendment would remove the superintendent of public instruction from the gubernatorial line of succession. | |
| Iowa | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Require Citizenship to Vote in State Elections and Allow 17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries Amendment | This amendment would state that only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote; and then provides that 17-year-olds who will be 18 by the general election may vote in primary elections. | |
| Iowa | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Gubernatorial Succession Amendment | This amendment would provide that the lieutenant governor assumes the office of governor for the remainder of the term— creating a vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor— if the governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office. | |
| Kentucky | 11/5/2024 | Education | State Funds | Allow State Funding for Non-Public Education Amendment | This amendment would enable the General Assembly to provide state funding for the education costs of K-12 students who are not attending public schools. | |
| Kentucky | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment | This amendment would require U.S. citizenship to be able to vote in the state. | |
| Maryland | 11/5/2024 | Reproductive Health | Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | This amendment would establish a right to reproductive freedom in the state constitution. | |
| Minnesota | 11/5/2024 | Environment | State Funds | Environment and Natural Resources Fund Amendment | This amendment would extend the dedication of lottery-derived revenue to Environment and Natural Resources Fund for 25 years. | |
| Missouri | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Property Tax Exemption for Childcare Establishments Amendment | This amendment would exempt childcare facilities from property taxation, as well as other properties used primarily for the care of children outside of their homes. | |
| Nebraska | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Education Scholarships Tax Credit Referendum | This referendum would repeal LB 753 (2023), which creates a nonrefundable tax credit for qualifying taxpayers who contribute to scholarship-granting organizations for education scholarships. | |
| Nevada | 11/5/2024 | Education | Question 1 | This amendment would remove the Board of Regents from the Nevada Constitution and would authorize the state legislature to review and change the governing organization of state universities. | |
| Nevada | 11/5/2024 | Disability | Question 2 | This amendment would revise language in the Nevada Constitution which refers to public entities for individuals with mental illness, blindness, or deafness. | |
| Nevada | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Question 3 | This initiative would establish open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections. | |
| Nevada | 11/5/2024 | Slavery Abolition | Question 4 | This amendment would remove language from the Nevada Constitution that allows the use of slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments. | |
| Nevada | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Question 5 | This measure would provide a sales tax exemption for both child and adult diapers, including disposable diapers. | |
| New Hampshire | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Convening of State Legislature Amendment | This amendment would provide that the New Hampshire General Court would convene on the same day as the inauguration of the governor. | |
| New Hampshire | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Presidential Primary Amendment | This amendment would provide that the New Hampshire presidential primary will be the first presidential primary of a presidential election cycle, requiring that the New Hampshire presidential primary election be held at least seven days before any other state's presidential primary election. | |
| New Hampshire | 11/5/2024 | Slavery Abolition | Prohibit Slavery and Involuntary Servitude Amendment | This amendment would prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude in the state. | |
| New Hampshire | 11/5/2024 | Government Operations | Increase Mandatory Judicial Retirement Age Amendment | This amendment would increase the mandatory retirement age to 70 for county sheriffs and the mandatory judicial retirement age to 75. | |
| New Mexico | 11/5/2024 | Veterans | Disabled Veteran Property Tax Exemption Amendment | This measure would amend the New Mexico Constitution to extend the disabled veteran property tax exemption to all disabled veterans (or their widows or widowers) in proportion to their federal disability rating. | |
| New Mexico | 11/5/2024 | Veterans | Increase Veteran Property Tax Exemption Amendment | This measure would amend the New Mexico Constitution to increase the property tax exemption for honorably discharged members of the armed forces or their widows or widowers from $4,000 to $10,000. | |
| New Mexico | 11/5/2024 | Government Operations | County Officer Salaries Amendment | This amendment would authorize the board of county commissioners to set salaries for county officers and clarify that fees collected by the county are to be deposited into the county treasury. | |
| New Mexico | 11/5/2024 | Judiciary | Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment | This amendment would authorize a designee of the dean of the University of New Mexico Law School to serve as chair of the appellate judges nomination commission and require the designee to be an associate dean, a faculty member, a retired faculty member, or a former dean of the law school. | |
| New York | 11/5/2024 | Discrimination | Equal Protection of Law Amendment | This measure would amend the Equal Protection Clause in the New York Constitution to prohibit the denial of rights to an individual based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, [and] disability," as well as their "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy." | |
| North Dakota | 11/5/2024 | Disability | Constitutional Measure 1 | This amendment would update the language used in the state constitution to describe certain state institutions. | |
| North Dakota | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Constitutional Measure 2 | This measure would establish a single-subject rule for initiatives; increase the signature requirement for constitutional initiatives; and require constitutional initiatives to be approved at two elections. | |
| North Dakota | 11/5/2024 | State Funds | Constitutional Measure 3 | This amendment would decrease the amount of money that can be expended from the state legacy fund during a two-year period from 15% to 5% of the principal of the fund. | |
| Oregon | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Impeachment of Elected State Executives Amendment | This amendment would allow the Oregon State Legislature to impeach and remove elected state executives, including the governor, secretary of state, attorney general, treasurer, and commissioner of labor and industries. | |
| Oregon | 11/5/2024 | Government Operations | Independent Public Service Compensation Commission Amendment | This amendment would establish the Independent Public Service Compensation Commission to determine certain public officials' salaries. | |
| Oregon | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure | This measure would establish ranked-choice voting for federal and state executive offices beginning in 2028. | |
| Rhode Island | 11/5/2024 | Government Procedure | Constitutional Convention Question | This measure would convene a state constitutional convention. | |
| South Dakota | 11/5/2024 | Inclusivity | Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language Amendment | This amendment would amend the text of the South Dakota Constitution to change male pronouns to gender-neutral terms or titles. | |
| Utah | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Elections of County Sheriffs Amendment | This amendment would establish in the state constitution that every county shall elect a sheriff to serve for four-year terms. | |
| Utah | 11/5/2024 | State Funds | Education | State School Fund Distribution Cap Increase Amendment | This amendment would increase the limit on annual distributions from the State School Fund for public education from 4% to 5% of the fund. | |
| Utah | 11/5/2024 | Education | Taxes | Constitutional Requirements for Education Funding Amendment | This amendment would require taxes on intangible property and income to be used to maintain a public education funding framework, provided through state law, that uses a portion of revenue growth for Uniform School Fund expenditures for changes in student enrollment and long-term inflation and provides a budgetary stabilization account. This amendment would also allow the state to use tax revenue for other purposes after education funding requirements are met. | |
| Washington | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Initiative No. 2109 | This measure would repeal the capital gains excise tax imposed on long-term capital assets by individuals with capital gains over $250,000. | |
| Washington | 11/5/2024 | Environment | Taxes | Initative No. 2117 | This measure would prohibit any state agencies from implementing a cap and trade or cap and tax program and repeal the 2021 Washington Climate Commitment Act (CCA), a state law that created a cap and invest program designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 95% by 2050. | |
| Washington | 11/5/2024 | Healthcare | Initative No. 2124 | This measure would allow employees and self-employed individuals to opt out of the state-run long-term-care (LTC) insurance program. It also requires employees and self-employed individuals to elect to keep coverage. Rules must be promulgated to implement this change. | |
| West Virginia | 11/5/2024 | Healthcare | Amendment 1 | This amendment would prohibit people, physicians, and health care providers from participating in "the practice of medically assisted suicide, euthanasia, or mercy killing of a person." The State is exempted if providing capital punishment. | |
| Wisconsin | 11/5/2024 | Elections | Voting Policy | Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment | This amendment would add language to the Wisconsin Constitution that only U.S. citizens who are 18 years old or older can vote in federal, state, local, or school elections. | |
| Wyoming | 11/5/2024 | Taxes | Property Tax on Residential Property and Owner-Occupied Primary Residences Amendment | This amendment would adding residential real property as a fourth, separate, class of property and authorizing the legislature to create a subclass of residential property for owner-occupied primary residences, which could be assessed at a different rate from other property in the residential property class. |
Disclaimer: The selected measures listed are not final and are subject to changes, additions, and eliminations.
For additional information, please contact Meghan Holihan.